How might we design behavior change to build an equal relationship between home helpers and seniors?
Type of Work: Design for Behavioral Change
Collaboration Partner: The Home Help Department, Kolding Kommune, Denmark
This design research project is concerned with how to design for behavioral change that responds to complex social challenges about home help service. Used appropriate methods to involve elderly people and health professions concerned in behavioral change through co-creation imagery of other futures.
It involves understanding the narrative of the interview as a process through which verbal, experiential, emotional, sensory, material, social, and other encounters are brought together.
Field Study
Through direct observation, participant observation, ethnography, qualitative interview, and case study, I conducted a field study to observe, interact and understand caregivers and elderly people while they are in a natural environment.
In the same way, I conducted interviews or observe them from a distance to understand how they behave in a social environment and how they react to situations around them.
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Direct Observation
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Participant Observation
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Ethnograph
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Qualitative Interview
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Case Study
Challenge Mapping
“Challenge Mapping“ is a method developed by Min Basadur to identify interrelated challenges in order to decide which problem to focus on. Challenges or problems interrelate. Determining how they differ and relate to each other is a great help when deciding where to start.
Start out by framing the problems as a challenge “how might we create a better relationship to make both caregivers and elderly people feel more pleasant“, I asked the questions a “why“ and “what’s stopping you“ to see a map of interrelated challenges, which helps me decide which challenges I want to work with.
Tell-Make-Enact
Sanders, Brandt and Binder (2012) proposed a framework, which documented how tools and techniques of PD can be placed known as the Tell-Make-Enact diagram. (Sander et al., 2012)
The framework combines the activities of making, telling, and enacting and uses each activity to drive the next activity. The double-headed arrows indicated that people can enter the circle at any point, and from any point can move in any direction, even circle a few times. By putting these three activities together, even people who are not good at making can be empowered in two others. The three modes have different tools, techniques, and methods connected to them.
In the telling category, it is about talking, telling, and explaining the future scenarios of use. There are some tools and methods, which can help to tell a story about the future or describe a future artifact, for instance, stories and storyboarding through writing, drawing, wikis, photos, video, etc.
In making, participants use hands to embody ideas in the form of tangible artifacts by using 2-D collages, mappings, and 3-D space models.
In enacting, the tools and techniques support to express ideas about future experiences, such as game boards, scenario-making, and role-playing.
For a specific situation, participants can decide which tools and techniques are most relevant to be used (Sanders et al., 2010).
Tell.
To explore research caregivers' feelings about their environment, I combined three tools which involve using my own aesthetic experience to inform her or his understandings.
'Semi-structured biographical interviews' based on a timeline schedule;
'Respondent-led future envision' by postcard writing;
'Artifacts analysis' through objects around participants
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Timeline Schedule
By using the “Timeline Schedule“ tool to strat semi-structured interviews with home helpers and nurses.
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Postcard for Future
Express vision for future healthcare system through “Postcards”.
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Objects Around You
“Objects Around You“ contributes to an understanding of the physical, social, and cultural contexts of healthcare.
Enact.
To express ideas from caregivers and elderly people about future experiences, I used a mix of pictures- voting, scenario-making, and role-playing.
Through voting pictures to remind elderly people they’re still able to do something they would like to do before. By asking “if there are 5 more minutes, what would you like to do with caregivers“ to explore how elderly people want to build a relationship with caregivers and their attitudes of social needs.
Role-playing between two caregivers shows the present scenarios of elderly people from their side. And how they would like to change the situation.
By scenario-making and asking nurses to envision a future life to explore how they would like to change the systems and their reflection on the current work environment.
Pictures-voting
Role-playing
Scenario-making
Reflection
By analyzing ethnographic interview cases and designing dialogue tools to enrich interview research, I have made a certain breakthrough in representing and defining their (past, present, and future)emplacement and sensory embodied experiences.
Interviews are not only places where researchers or designers learn about other people's experiences, but where interviewees might arrive at new levels of awareness about their own lives and experiences.
During the project, I met elderly people. He lives alone in a big house. When I visited him, he was reading the newspaper in a small dark study room with one lamp. Taking a taxi to the supermarket to shop is his way to connect with the outside world. Caregivers told me to accepting that they are losing some skills is one of the hardest things for elderly people. They need constant stimulation, otherwise, they are easy to get dementia and feel numb.
The next step is how to activate the elderly group, which I conducted in the next project "Share IKIGAI"
Nov. 20th, 2019 in Kolding Municipality, the Home Care Department